Exploration the homeostasis of signaling molecules in monocotyledonous crops with different CuO nanoparticle tolerance

Copper is an essential microelement that indispensable for plant growth and development. The use of copper oxide nanoparticles (CuO NPs) in industry agriculture has also increased because their beneficial properties. However, excess amounts CuO NPs may negatively affect the monocotyledonous species, primarily through generation reactive oxygen which results oxidative stress. Despite increasingly widespread use, little known regarding signaling processes responsible effects on crops, or impact homeostasis nitrogen hydrogen sulfide, protein tyrosine nitration. In this study, concentration NP inhibits 50% root was determined using sorghum, wheat, rye, triticale as model NP-induced stress response balance molecules were assessed. Based effective NP, more tolerant compared with entirely different mechanisms oxygen, sulfur species observed. For sensitive sorghum roots, amount not significantly altered, whereas a significant increase nitration indicated severely stressful state caused by NPs. contrast, roots relatively while appearance lipid peroxidation stress, changes associated tolerance. rise endogenous H2S content tips be partly relative tolerance sorghum. induced distinct modifications tip cell walls examined where lignification observed only callose deposition detected. Overall, our demonstrate sensitivities exhibit similar responses, underlying dynamics influence